Elon Emails

Falcon 1 failure: fuel leak, fire, engine shutdown at T+29s

From:
Elon Musk
Date:
March 25, 2006 (Posted the morning after the March 24, 2006 launch; SpaceRef dated it March 25, 2006.)
To:
SpaceX update mailing list
Subject:
Preliminary Fault Analysis
(Note: There will be a formal US Government led anomaly investigation in partnership with SpaceX. The report issued by that team will reflect the fully considered official opinion. The website updates reflect only the preliminary analysis of SpaceX and are provided pursuant to our policy of early and full disclosure.) The good news is that all vehicle systems, including the main engine, thrust vector control, structures, avionics, software, guidance algorithm, etc. were picture perfect. Falcon's trajectory was within 0.2 degrees of nominal during powered flight. However, at T+25s, a fuel leak of currently unknown origin caused a fire around the top of the main engine that cut into the first stage helium pneumatic system. On high resolution imagery, the fire is clearly visible within seconds after liftoff. Once the pneumatic pressure decayed below a critical value, the spring return safety function of the pre-valves forced them closed, shutting down the main engine at T+29s. It does not appear as though the first stage insulation played a negative role, nor are any other vehicle anomalies apparent from either the telemetry or imaging. Falcon was executing perfectly on all fronts until fire impaired the first stage pneumatic system. Our plan at this point is to analyze data and debris to be certain that the above preliminary analysis is correct and then isolate and address all possible causes for the fuel leak. In addition, we will do another ground up systems review of the entire vehicle to flush out any other potential issues. I cannot predict exactly when the next flight will take place, as that depends on the findings of this investigation and ensuring that our next customer is comfortable that all reasonable steps have been taken to ensure reliability. However, I would hope that the next launch occurs in less than six months. It is perhaps worth noting that those launch companies that succeeded also took their lumps along the way. A friend of mine wrote to remind me that only 5 of the first 9 Pegasus launches succeeded; 3 of 5 for Ariane; 9 of 20 for Atlas; 9 of 21 for Soyuz; and 9 of 18 for Proton. Having experienced firsthand how hard it is to reach orbit, I have a lot of respect for those that persevered to produce the vehicles that are mainstays of space launch today. I am very encouraged and grateful that our launch customers took the time to call and express their support of SpaceX when their reaction could easily have been the opposite. We will stand by them as they have stood by us. SpaceX is in this for the long haul and, come hell or high water, we are going to make this work. As SpaceX is a company that believes in maximum disclosure (within the boundaries of proprietary data and ITAR restrictions), I will try to post as much as possible about this launch attempt over the coming weeks. — Elon

About this email

Musk's first analysis of the Falcon 1 loss: every vehicle system worked, but a fuel leak started a fire above the main engine that cut the helium pneumatic system and shut the engine down at T+29 seconds. He hopes to fly again within six months, notes that other launchers also failed early, and promises full disclosure.

Notes

Signed 'Elon'. Kimbal Musk's blog introduces the same text with 'From Elon this morning:' under the heading 'Preliminary Fault Analysis' and signs it '--- Elon'; his copy lacks SpaceRef's opening parenthetical note, which was presumably added on the website. NASASpaceFlight's quotation reads 'forced them to close, shutting down the the main engine' where SpaceRef has 'forced them closed, shutting down the main engine'. Text was retrieved through a page reader, so punctuation and paragraph breaks may differ slightly from the original page.

Where it came from

Published by Musk; attribution confirmed.

SpaceX, newsletter. Tags: spacex-update, falcon-1, launch-failure, failure-analysis, maiden-flight